Kissamos, Kissamos

Kissamos, situated on the western coast of Crete, is a town steeped in history. Known for its agricultural prowess, particularly its renowned olive oil and wine, Kissamos has managed to retain its authentic character despite the growth of tourism.

Early History

The history of Kissamos stretches back to ancient times. It served as the port for the ancient city of Polyrrhenia, one of the oldest Dorian cities on Crete. Polyrrhenia, located approximately 7 km south of Kissamos, was a significant naval and commercial center. Kissamos itself flourished during the Roman era, evidenced by the remnants of Roman baths, villas with mosaic floors, cemeteries, an aqueduct, and sections of the fortress walls. The town’s importance during this period is further corroborated by its mention in the writings of Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy. Pliny refers to it as “Cisamon,” while Ptolemy calls it “Kissamos polis.”

Venetian Period

During the Venetian rule (1204-1669 AD), Kissamos, with its strategic location and resources, was well-fortified. The Venetians constructed a fortress, “Castel Chissamo,” on the site of the ancient city. This fortress played a crucial role in the defense of the region. The town’s name even changed to “Kastelli” (Greek for “castle”) due to the prominence of this fortress. Remnants of the Venetian walls can still be seen today, west of the Turkish fort.

Ottoman Period and Modern Times

Kissamos played a pivotal role during the Ottoman occupation of Crete (1669-1898 AD), changing hands between the Turks and the Greeks. It was also impacted by the events of World War II, suffering damage from bombings. Following the war, the town was officially renamed Kissamos in 1969.

Economy and Modern Significance

The economy of Kissamos is primarily based on agriculture and tourism. The region is famous for its wine, olive oil, and other agricultural products. Tourism has also become a significant contributor to the local economy, with Kissamos serving as a popular destination for those seeking a more authentic Cretan experience. The town boasts several Blue Flag beaches, including “Mavros Molos,” “Pachia Ammos” (Falassarna), and “Elafonisi,” highlighting its commitment to environmental sustainability and quality.

Administrative Structure

Kissamos is the administrative center of the Municipality of Kissamos, which also includes the municipal units of Innachori and Mythimni. This administrative structure was established following the Kallikratis reform in 2011.

Points of Interest

Kissamos offers a variety of attractions for visitors:

• Archaeological Museum of Kissamos: This museum houses artifacts from the region, including finds from the ancient city of Polyrrhenia and the Roman era.
• Polyrrhenia: The ruins of this ancient city, including the sanctuary of Artemis, offer a glimpse into the region’s rich past.
• Falassarna: This archaeological site, located on the coast, features the remains of an ancient city and harbor.
• Balos Lagoon: This stunning lagoon, with its turquoise waters and white sand beaches, is a popular destination for boat trips from Kissamos.
• Gramvousa Island: This island, with its Venetian fortress and pristine beaches, is another popular destination for excursions.
• Elafonisi Beach: Known for its pink sand and crystal-clear waters, Elafonisi is one of the most beautiful beaches in Crete.
• Topolia Gorge: This dramatic gorge offers opportunities for hiking and exploring the natural beauty of the region.
• Skalidis Street: This traditional street, lined with shops, cafes, and restaurants, is a hub of activity in Kissamos.
• Maris Fountain: This 19th-century fountain is a charming reminder of the town’s history.

Key Points

• Historical References: Pliny the Elder, Ptolemy
• Location: Western coast of Crete, 38 km west of Chania
• Historical Significance: Ancient port, Roman settlement, Venetian fortress, key location during Ottoman rule
• Current Status: Thriving town, administrative center of the Municipality of Kissamos, popular tourist destination