Agios Ioannis Theologos is a small settlement located between Kritsa and Kroustas in Crete, Greece. The settlement is named after the Monastery of Agios Ioannis Theologos, a significant religious site in the area.
History
The monastery is believed to have been founded in the 10th century, during the Second Byzantine period, as it is mentioned in a treaty between the Venetians and Cretan rebels in 1219. It played a crucial role in the Cretan revolts against the Venetians and the Ottomans due to its remote and fortified location in the mountains. The monastery provided refuge and supplies to the rebels (known as “hainides”), who were a formidable force against the rulers in the lowlands.
The monastery remained active until the late 19th century. In 1925, the cells surrounding the main church (katholikon) and the monastery’s land were given to Greek refugees from Asia Minor. The settlement was recorded in censuses throughout the 20th century, with its population fluctuating between 8 and 29 inhabitants.
Architecture
The katholikon of the monastery is a triple-aisled basilica with a dome, dedicated to Agios Ioannis Theologos (Saint John the Theologian). The church has three naves, each dedicated to a different religious figure:
- Central nave: Agios Ioannis Theologos (celebrated on September 26th)
- South nave: Metamorphosis tou Sotira (Transfiguration of the Savior)
- North nave: Agios Charalambos (Saint Charalambos)
All three naves are vaulted and connected internally by low-arched openings and a transverse section in the west. The church has entrances on the north and south sides with slightly pointed relieving tympana. All of its openings, doorways, windows, and sacred windows are decorated with carved stone frames. [2]
Frescoes
The church is decorated with frescoes dating back to 1347-1348, as indicated by an inscription. These frescoes are a valuable example of Byzantine art and contribute to the historical significance of the site.
Other artifacts
The oldest artifact from Agios Ioannis Theologos is a processional cross, believed to possess miraculous powers. This silver cross, adorned with embossed hagiographies and dating back to the 13th century, is currently housed in the Historical Museum of Crete.
Legends and Folklore
The monastery and its church are steeped in local legends and folklore, highlighting the deep-rooted beliefs and reverence surrounding the site. One such legend tells the story of a Turk who shot at the icon of Agios Ioannis Theologos but ended up losing his eyesight when the bullet miraculously rebounded from the icon. Another tale recounts the story of a man who attempted to steal honey from the saint’s beehives but was mysteriously pinned to the wall until the abbot arrived and freed him with prayers.
Current status
Today, Agios Ioannis Theologos is a small settlement with a rich history. The monastery is no longer active, but its katholikon remains a significant religious site for the local community. The church continues to be revered by the inhabitants of Kritsa, who celebrate its feast day with great devotion. Despite its small size, Agios Ioannis Theologos is an important part of the cultural and historical landscape of the region.
Key features
- Construction Period: 10th century (Second Byzantine period)
- Location: Between Kritsa and Kroustas, Crete, Greece
- Historical Significance: A former monastery that played a crucial role in Cretan revolts against Venetian and Ottoman rule.
- Current Status: No longer an active monastery, but the Katholikon remains a significant religious site and historical landmark.
References
- Demetris Skoulikaris. 2015. Historic and descriptive publications of Kritsa: Churches of Kritsa
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